Sub-Saharan Africa is undergoing a period of significant transformation, with rapid population growth and urbanization, as well as a growing middle class and youth cohort. To realize the potential inherent in these changes, it is essential to ensure access to quality public services with sound governance as a prerequisite for economic growth and stability. In many low- and middle-income countries, the key social sectors – health and education – rely heavily on external funding for important components of sector expenditure, which is neither sustainable nor always sufficient to cover the increasing demand for services. As countries seek to reduce their dependence on donor assistance, it is important to recognize that the economic and political landscape both influences and is affected by decisions concerning the mobilization, allocation and use of resources.