The desk study report aims to identify challenges and opportunities for improving border management to reduce cross-border crimes. This study p r o v i d e s a n o v e r v i e w o f t h e international and national legal frameworks that address cross-border crimes and migration. The study includes the drivers of irregular migration, adverse outcome of cross border crimes and human trafficking, a review of relevant international and regional instruments, such as the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the status of refugees, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The study also explores the role of national laws and policies in addressing cross-border crimes and migration.