The proposed Public Elections (Registration of Voters) Regulations 2021 Constitutional Instrument by the Electoral Commission of Ghana is generating a heated debate. This debate is fueled by a key provision that, for purposes of voter registration, the National Identification Card be the sole means for demonstrating one’s eligibility. Before I proceed on the issue of the proposed CI, I would like to state for the sake of clarity that I am a strong proponent of the government’s efforts to build a national identification system that is linked and interconnected with all the systems that citizens interact with daily. Even though the designing and implementing process of such a comprehensive system has been fraught with complications, I still believe it is a noble idea, whose benefits, in the long run, will outweigh any costs and challenges currently being faced. Beyond my support however, are some important issues for reflection.
Rights & Administrative Procedures
As articulated by Dr. Serebour Quaicoe, Director of Electoral Services Department during television and radio interviews, the policy goal is simple – to further ensure the integrity of the voter register. The goal is noble, and I accept the constitutional powers granted the Commission as the institution responsible for compiling the voter register. However, because voting is a fundamental right, it behooves the Commission to ensure that there are no barriers in whatever system it puts in place to register voters to enable them to exercise this right. Additionally, given that the march towards a fully functional integrated national identification system is not fully complete, I argue that an exceptions clause be added where under reasonable circumstances, other methods of demonstrating one’s citizenship be accepted for voter registration purposes. I know that it is the contention of the Commission that there is enough time between now and 2024 for every citizen to acquire their Ghana card. However, in public administration, the need for exceptions under reasonable circumstances is permissible. This is because there are sometimes unintended consequences or unanticipated circumstances which should not be the reason why a voter should be denied their fundamental right.
Trust In The Electoral Commission
There are growing voices in opposition to this proposal from the Commission, which is not to say that there is no support for it either. However, the Commission is facing what I’d call a huge trust deficit where Ghanaians are concerned. In the most recent round of the Afrobarometer survey (Round 9, 2022), only one out of ten (10%) Ghanaians said they trust the commission “a lot.” I focus on those saying “a lot” because it is the highest level of unwavering trust citizens can repose in an institution and to which I believe institutions must aspire. Should those who responded “somewhat” be added to those who responded “a lot” it would only come up to two out of ten (23%) respondents saying such. This is the same Commission that in Round 3, 2005 of the same survey had five out of ten (50%) Ghanaians saying they trusted it “a lot.” Since this round where the Commission enjoyed its highest trust levels, there has been cumulatively, a total decline of forty percentage points (-40%) of respondents who say they trust the Commission “a lot.” Such levels of trust, I believe make the dialogue with stakeholders very difficult because no matter how noble the intentions, it continues to be marred by these negative perceptions.
The Role of Partisans
In the political realm, a dynamic exists where the posture of our two main political parties – NDC and NPP, towards the Electoral Commission varies based on whether they are in power or in opposition. In my opinion, this posture affects how the actions or inactions of the EC as an institution are viewed. In the Afrobarometer years in which the NDC was the ruling party, on average, 40% of those who described themselves as feeling close to the party said they trusted the Commission a lot compared to only 25% on average who said same in the years of the surveys when the party was in opposition. In the Afrobarometer years where the NPP was the ruling party, on average, 39% of those who described themselves as feeling close to the party said they trusted the commission a lot compared to only 16% on average who said same in the years of the surveys when the party was in opposition. If the issue of trust I spoke of in the previous points makes the work of the commission challenging, the partisan element further exacerbates it.
In The Final Analysis
I hope as it continues to engage all stakeholders and as the constitutional instrument makes its way through the legislative process, that the Commission will become amenable to some of the suggestions it receives. In the end, its actions or inactions should instead restore trust and confidence, not erode it.
Dr. John Osae-Kwapong is a Democracy and Development (D&D) Fellow at the Ghana Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana).
